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Our company-wide policy

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We use animals for research studies when their physiology and disease process is similar to that in humans. When using animals, we follow scientific principles to ensure that we prevent or minimise pain and distress before, during, and after experimental procedures.     

\n

Our company-wide policy covers the standards of care and the ethical treatment of animals in research, development and testing of all GSK medicines and vaccines. All GSK animal research must comply with this policy.

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We actively observe our policy by:   

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Less than 1% of the animals we use in our studies are non-human primates. However, in some cases, non-human primates are the only animals similar enough to humans to provide the critical information about a disease and its reaction to treatment.  For example, a new medicine may be based on a molecule produced only in primates, including humans, and would be destroyed by the immune system of other species.   

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Highly trained staff look after our animals throughout their lives. A veterinarian or veterinary nurse is onsite or on call 24 hours a day, seven days a week. Regulatory bodies also visit our facilities regularly and often unannounced.   

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All of our facilities and programmes comply with the national laws, guidelines and codes of conduct for that country. In situations where we have recently acquired a company, or carry out work with a third party organisation to conduct animal-based research on our behalf, we will work closely with that group to align them with our animal welfare standards.  

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In addition, all our hub sites are accredited by AAALAC-I, a voluntary accreditation body that harmonises standards in animal welfare across the globe. This independent group reviews and assesses our animal care programme against published standards and industry practices.

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We share our practices with other scientists and regulatory authorities and publish the results of our research in scientific journals. We also work with organisations that aim to reduce the need for and refine the use of animal testing, including, but not limited to:  

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The 3Rs at GSK

\n

Our 3Rs[1] strategy of replacement, reduction and refinement is a science-led, ethical framework that we use to guide us in our work with animals. Where animal research is conducted or commissioned, we are advancing the 3Rs (Reduction, Refinement, Replacement) and seeking ways to minimise animal use and reduce the impact on the animals.

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Accelerating the development and use of models and tools, based on the latest science and technologies, to address important scientific questions without the use of animals.

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Appropriately designed and analysed animal experiments that are robust and reproducible, and truly add to the knowledge base.

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Advancing animal welfare by exploiting the latest in vivo technologies, and by improving understanding of the impact of welfare on scientific outcomes.

","image":{"src":"/media/esepfxho/gsk_mouse02.png?width=420&height=336&format=webp&quality=100&v=1dba2ebc56e8350&hmac=ca9d4c30d3e0749410f4634b13ee688f45d18039a75b5e97357e08fe3fbd2ca6","alt":"Mice in bedding","darkModeSrc":"/media/esepfxho/gsk_mouse02.png?width=420&height=336&format=webp&quality=50&v=1dba2ebc56e8350&hmac=1c65602c2fd6d7c2d0bb35cef52efd5308b0c37dfc7341ffa396f665fef56c26"},"ariaHidden":false,"ariaButtonLabel":"Open Refinement modal"}],"link":null,"ariaLabelPreviousSlide":"Previous slide","ariaLabelNextSlide":"Next slide"},{"type":"rich-text","text":"

Across GSK, where animal research is conducted or commissioned, we are advancing the 3Rs and seeking ways to minimise animal use and reduce the impact on the animals. Wherever possible, we pursue new methods and technologies that do not require animals such as in vitro models and in silico prediction. 

\n

When we do use animals, the best experimental design is achieved through application of statistical principles to ensure the minimum numbers of animals are used to answer scientific questions. Peer review occurs from additional scientists, biostatisticians, animal welfare specialists and veterinarians. 

\n

We are continuously improving animal welfare through shared learnings, housing and husbandry refinements and technologies. All our proposed animal research is reviewed by ethical panels. These panels consider animal welfare and the 3Rs prior to the approval of our studies.

\n

 

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[1]The 3Rs principles were developed in 1959 with the standard definitions recently expanded by the NC3Rs.

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At GSK our animal welfare strategy is anchored in enabling innovative science and technology through our commitments to the contemporary principles of Replacement, Reduction and Refinement, also known as the 3Rs. 

","quotee":"Gina Wilkerson, DVM. Chief Veterinary Officer, GSK ","quoteeSubtext":"","image":null,"link":null},{"type":"cards","header":"","subtext":"","cards":[{"type":"popup-card","heading":"Advancements toward animal replacement ","text":"","image":{"src":"/media/2dckntan/gsk_bio.png?width=420&height=336&format=webp&quality=100&v=1dba2ebc58602f0&hmac=3646be004fb39904443782ce769cafe3ba509492e38eed21e170df110eaa00f3","alt":"Replica of organ on a chip","darkModeSrc":"/media/2dckntan/gsk_bio.png?width=420&height=336&format=webp&quality=50&v=1dba2ebc58602f0&hmac=f9067ab628c45a319d7c51e9d2de9c519cd246144c76ee1ca147402d25561824"},"modal":{"title":"Advancements toward animal replacement ","modalParts":[{"type":"title-and-image-with-caption","title":"","text":"Organ on a chip - credit: Emulate, Inc","image":{"src":"/media/2dckntan/gsk_bio.png?format=webp&v=1dba2ebc58602f0&hmac=dea0e65525f680fdd16a885fe891ed30f4cd451fd49ec774079fd37b0a46502b","alt":"Replica of organ on a chip","darkModeSrc":"/media/2dckntan/gsk_bio.png?format=webp&quality=50&v=1dba2ebc58602f0&hmac=32d960241c921901c1c1e0c195dfbb6a5aa458fd0a43faf2ac5b5628532f639b"}},{"type":"richText","text":"

Non-animal methods include computer simulation (in silico) work to identify and select promising drug candidates. Investments in new technologies and models such as organ-on-chip, organoids and 3D bioprinting allow use of innovative technologies at early stages of medicines discovery and to explore human safety signals. Understanding the effects and side effects of molecules on human cells and tissues in these technologies may facilitate replacing animals in the longer term. 

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This is a fast-developing field, and we collaborate on multiple projects spanning from design to implementation phase. GSK has active representation in organisations supporting non-animal technologies such as EUROoCS, NA3RsC’s Microphysiological Systems Initiative, NC3Rs and others.

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The majority of GSK vaccines no longer require animal testing for release and stability programs. In vitro assays such as relative potency and monocyte activation tests enable faster evaluation of safety and efficacy. These new, non-animal methods are rapid and highly sensitive, and decrease the time it takes to get lifesaving vaccines to patients. 

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We have reduced the amount of animals used in vaccine quality control testing by 75% in the timeframe from 2015 to 2025.

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Industry-wide efforts are resulting in further non-animal technologies (NAT) to test the safety and efficacy of new and existing vaccines. Through external collaboration, GSK develops and validates methods to ensure early adoption of novel technologies and the substitution of animal tests. Collaborators include the Innovative Medicine Initiative, NIIMBL, EFPIA, EPAA and others.

"}],"anchorLinkText":"","ariaButtonLabel":"Open 3Rs in Vaccines quality control modal"},"ariaHidden":false,"ariaButtonLabel":"Open 3Rs in Vaccines quality control modal"},{"type":"popup-card","heading":"3Rs in practice in our animal studies ","text":"","image":{"src":"/media/tyqdpsbx/a-rat-heart.jpeg?width=420&height=336&format=webp&quality=100&v=1dba2ebc59ac370&hmac=2015745ba25ce27354b822d13b9f04986f5097bfa41e3c3bc19025b27d1c6386","alt":"A Rat Heart","darkModeSrc":"/media/tyqdpsbx/a-rat-heart.jpeg?width=420&height=336&format=webp&quality=50&v=1dba2ebc59ac370&hmac=9090aacb9f7abd5da328b97f48842c0535d3bd3e48bb09f89a74fa5f43996e70"},"modal":{"title":"3Rs in practice in our animal studies ","modalParts":[{"type":"richText","text":""}],"anchorLinkText":"","ariaButtonLabel":"Open 3Rs in practice in our animal studies modal"},"ariaHidden":false,"ariaButtonLabel":"Open 3Rs in practice in our animal studies modal"}],"link":null,"ariaLabelPreviousSlide":"Previous slide","ariaLabelNextSlide":"Next slide"},{"type":"anchor","menuTitle":"FAQs about animal studies ","anchorName":"FAQsaboutanimalstudies","nestedModule":{"type":"spacer","label":""}},{"type":"rich-text","text":"

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FAQs about animal studies

","useGreyBackground":false,"fullWidth":false},{"type":"accordion","ariaLabelForAccordion":"","expandAllText":"Expand all","closeAllText":"Close all","items":[{"name":"Why is animal research necessary?","intro":"","doNotCropIcon":false,"icon":null,"components":[{"imageOnLeft":false,"image":null,"imageCaption":"","text":"

Animal research is still necessary to discover and develop new treatments for people. This is because animals have similar, though not exact, physiological and biological functions to humans. They also have much shorter lifespans, meaning we can study the effect a new drug or vaccine in animals during their full lifetime and in multigenerational studies when required.

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Animals are susceptible to many diseases that affect humans, including cancer, cardiovascular and immunological diseases. Animal research therefore provides our scientists with an opportunity to simulate the effects of disease and medicines on the human body while determining the safety and efficacy of a new drug or vaccine. Regulatory authorities require safety and efficacy testing in animals before entering clinical trials in people.

","greyBackground":false,"orangeLink":null,"header":"","type":"text-and-image","ariaHidden":false}]},{"name":"Does GSK ever use alternatives to animals?","intro":"","doNotCropIcon":false,"icon":null,"components":[{"imageOnLeft":false,"image":null,"imageCaption":"","text":"

We use alternatives to animals wherever we can. We employ non-animal models whenever possible and apply the 3Rs to ‘replace’, ‘reduce’ and ‘refine’ animal research. Unfortunately, there is currently not always an alternative that allows us to see the effects of a new medicine on a living body. Therefore, when there are no alternatives available or when required by regulatory authorities, we use animals for research and testing.  

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Find out more about our efforts to replace, reduce and refine.

","greyBackground":false,"orangeLink":null,"header":"","type":"text-and-image","ariaHidden":false}]},{"name":"How many animals does GSK use?","intro":"","doNotCropIcon":false,"icon":null,"components":[{"imageOnLeft":false,"image":null,"imageCaption":"","text":"

The actual number of animals we use always depends on the number and type of studies we are carrying out. This changes year to year. In 2025, we required 90,752 animal uses.

","greyBackground":false,"orangeLink":null,"header":"","type":"text-and-image","ariaHidden":false}]},{"name":"What animals are used in research and where do they come from?","intro":"","doNotCropIcon":false,"icon":null,"components":[{"imageOnLeft":false,"image":null,"imageCaption":"","text":"

All animals needed for the discovery and development of new treatments are bred specifically for research by approved vendors that we regularly audit. We never use pets or strays. Rodents  make up most of the animals we use for research.  The remaining animals include rabbits, pigs, dogs, poultry, fish and non-human primates. 

","greyBackground":false,"orangeLink":null,"header":"","type":"text-and-image","ariaHidden":false}]},{"name":"What happens to animals after they have been used during research? ","intro":"","doNotCropIcon":false,"icon":null,"components":[{"imageOnLeft":false,"image":null,"imageCaption":"","text":"

Since many of our studies are minimally invasive (e.g., taking blood or urine samples), with approval from our veterinary team and the regulatory authorities, and if we are confident there are no lasting effects from any administered compound, we will use the animals again for research on a similar study. 

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Where appropriate, with approval of a veterinarian and regulatory authorities, animals may be used again or rehomed at the end of a study. If we need to report information about the effects of a potential new treatment on an animal’s tissues or organs we may need to humanely kill the animal at the end of the study.

","greyBackground":false,"orangeLink":null,"header":"","type":"text-and-image","ariaHidden":false}]},{"name":"How is animal research regulated?","intro":"","doNotCropIcon":false,"icon":null,"components":[{"imageOnLeft":false,"image":null,"imageCaption":"","text":"

A comprehensive system of government oversight is in place to regulate the use of animals for scientific purposes:   

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In addition to the regulations, our internal policy outlines our core principles for animal welfare. This policy requires work done by us or on our behalf meets all applicable laws, rules and regulations governing the care and welfare of animals. 

","greyBackground":false,"orangeLink":null,"header":"","type":"text-and-image","ariaHidden":false}]},{"name":"How is GSK addressing public concerns about animal research? ","intro":"","doNotCropIcon":false,"icon":null,"components":[{"imageOnLeft":false,"image":null,"imageCaption":"","text":"

We understand that animal research is a sensitive subject for many people. That’s why we make it our policy to be as open as possible about our approach to animal research and animal welfare. 

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We consider all legitimate and justifiable concerns about animal welfare that are raised by law-abiding individuals or organisations. However, since we conduct animal research according to the law and our internal policy, we will not tolerate any intimidation, harassment or acts of violence towards our workers or their families.

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GSK public policy update: Responsible care and use of animals

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